What is Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis?

Glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition in which the cartilage that covers the surfaces of the ball (humeral head) and socket (glenoid) of the shoulder wears away over time. As the cartilage thins and eventually erodes, the underlying bone becomes exposed, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased function.

While age is the most common risk factor, glenohumeral OA can also result from previous injuries (such as fractures or dislocations), repetitive overhead activities, inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, or prior surgical procedures. Genetics may also play a role in susceptibility.

Common symptoms include deep shoulder pain that worsens with activity, stiffness and loss of range of motion, grinding or clicking sensations, night pain that disrupts sleep, and difficulty with everyday activities like reaching overhead or behind the back.

Treatment typically begins with conservative measures including activity modification, physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and corticosteroid injections. When non-operative treatments no longer provide adequate relief, shoulder replacement surgery may be recommended to restore function and eliminate pain.